Levels of Health Promotions in Nursing Practice - 1043 Words

Running head: LEVELS OF HEALTH PROMOTIONS IN NURSING PRACTICE Levels of Health Promotions in Nursing Practice Patricia Hartman Grand Canyon University Family Centered Health Promotions NRS429V July 15, 2012 Levels of Health Promotions in Nursing Practice Dimensions of the environment are not only physical but also psychosocial and spiritual care and involvement. Health promotions are identified as participation of individuals and family with care delivery. The community health profession teaches to improve environmental health, physical health, social health, emotional health, intellectual health, and spiritual health. The goal is to improve and maintain healthy habits through education and counseling, for individuals to take†¦show more content†¦Comparison of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary levels of Health Promotion Prevention Elder abuse and community nurse: supporting the patient Primary role of the community nurse is the assessment of the person’s home is pivotal. Review of family members, care giving impact, family dynamics and historical family information is vital to make a complete assessment. Secondary role is the identification of early mistreatment or abuse of the older person and reporting it to the appropriate agencies. Tertiary role is ongoing translations and interventions. Community nurse monitors home situations and provide ongoing support to the family, specifically the older person. The role of the nurse in advocacy for the older person is continued and lobby for additional services. Integrated care to manage cancer pain Identification of pain has been the most feared and common symptom of cancer (Sloan, et al. 1999). The joint project that includes primary, secondary and tertiary levels of care were successful in breaking down the barriers that crossed traditional boundaries in cancer care. Steering committee member were identified and meetings took place between multi-professional teams and project coordinators to identify their issues and concerns and communication, discharge, pain management and symptom control were identified. Multidisciplinary groups worked wereShow MoreRelatedCreating A Program Outcome For Baccalaureate Program1069 Words   |  5 Pagesfor a Baccalaureate program provides leadership to improve health care and advance the discipline through nursing education, scholarship, and services. Baccalaureate program provides nurses with an innovative education grounded in nursing and related science, humanities, and leadership. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2008), students in the Baccalaureate Nursing Program are better in inter-professional practice. Nurses who graduate from an accredited Baccalaureate programRead MoreEssay on Health Promotion1354 Words   |  6 PagesHealth promotion and teaching are important tools for nursing. By promoting health and health teaching, nurses can help lay the foundation for a healthier future. Major Concepts and Definitions BeliefÂâ€"a statement of sense, declared or implied, that is intellectually and/or emotionally accepted as true by a person or group. AttitudeÂâ€"a relatively constant feeling, predisposition, or a set of beliefs that is directed toward an object, a person, or a situation. ValueÂâ€"a preferenceRead MoreFamily Centered Health Promotion Essay examples958 Words   |  4 PagesFamily Centered Health Promotion Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V 05/12/2013 Definition of Health Promotion is increasing awareness, indentifying alternatives and influencing attitudes of the people, so that they can make an informed decision and change their behaviors to achieve an optimal level of mental, physical and social health. Health promotion is also defined as the process of empowering people to improve and take control of their health to optimize the quality of their lives. EnnisRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1580 Words   |  7 PagesPender’s Health Promotion Model and Parse’s Human Becoming Theory Nursing theories aid the development of nursing practice. Being able to analyze and critique theories enables nurses to develop their practice, and how different theories affect their own nursing theory. Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) and Parse’s Human Becoming Theory, are theories that are easily applicable in the community nursing field, while also having applications to other areas of nursing practice. Background and InfluencesRead MoreA Literature Review of Health Promotion Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review of Health Promotions Grand Canyon University NRS 429 September 12, 2010 Literature Review Traditionally the United States health care system has been sickness-oriented. However, in the last two decades, a new paradigm has emerged. This new paradigm emphasizes wellness rather than sickness. As a result in this change in focus, health promotion is now an integral part of the nursing profession. This research paper will review current literature fromRead MoreUnderstanding Health And Health Promotion1348 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition of both health and health promotion. I have determined that there is no â€Å"correct† way to describe these concepts, but multiple conceptualizations of each. An individual’s health status can be determined using a wide variety of factors, and there are several different methods of promoting health. This paper aims to identify the concepts that I believe define health and health promotion most accurately, based on my personal opinions and experiences. In my opinion, health is all encompassingRead MoreHealth Promotion in Nursing1000 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: HEALTH PROMOTION IN NURSING PRACTICE Health Promotion in Nursing Practice Grand Canyon University Family-Centered Health Promotion NRS-429V April Herrera April 14, 2012 Health Promotion in Nursing Practice To evaluate health promotion, people need to know what health promotion truly is. Health promotion has been defined by the World Health Organization as, â€Å"the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and therebyRead MoreHealth Promotion1025 Words   |  5 PagesLevels of Health Promotion Health promotion is essential in keeping society and individuals healthy. Health promotion empowers communities and individuals for healthy living through education. The primary goal of health promotion is prevention. Nurses are key in health promotion and will be seen in diverse settings as health promotion evolves the nursing profession. 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When Dealing with International Markets, It’s Also Imperative Free Essays

There is no doubt that if you deal with international markets, you should be familiar with their laws and regulation as they pertain to marketing. This is imperative and you should take it seriously. It must be god understanding in the law of the country where you launch a campaign. We will write a custom essay sample on When Dealing with International Markets, It’s Also Imperative or any similar topic only for you Order Now But it is not always possible to know all the nuances. So, what is right in this situation? On the one hand, some people consider that marketers must know and observe the regulations and laws of the country in which they operate. To my mind, it is the obvious facts. All advertising should be legal, decent, honest and truthful. Before launching a campaign in international markets, you should learn all the prohibitions and laws of this country, so you do not have problems with complaints about your advertising or marketing actions. On the other hand, some people believe that there should be common standards, rules and regulations for the global market. It is obvious that in order to learn the laws and prohibitions of the country where you launch a campaign, it is necessary to spend a lot of time and effort to get it right. In conclusion I would like to say that there is one rule you should pay attention to is to think local. Because now is the era of globalization and we live in a very localized world. To determine international advertising standards, you must be aware of the advertising laws, rules and regulations of each nation. How to cite When Dealing with International Markets, It’s Also Imperative, Essay examples

Sample Assignment

An intriguing issue to look at in the migration aspect is the thing that happens when women get abandoned. Spouses who migrate leave their wives to take care of the family customarily a role held by men not withstanding caring for the wealth of their families. Payments sent by their husbands do not permit the women more adaptable work plan. Women have a tendency to invest the most time on family administration and raising children as opposed to on endeavoring to create a wage. Women then have a tendency likewise to work in independent work instead of in paid work. Therefore, migration affects the woman in that her family administration gets distorted (Cortes). There is however an alternate sensation, that of women abandoning their families and relocating to a wealthier nation to look after kids or the elderly in an alternate family. Like men, ladies relocate both to support their families and to accomplish their desires. Despite that, a woman leaving her family has a somewhat negative affect her children staying in the nation of origin of the lady. It mostly influences the regions like wellbeing, training, social relations and family attachment. Specifically, children abandoned have a tendency to experience enthusiastic flimsiness and poor instructive accomplishment. At times, it can much induce adolescent misconduct and have genuine outcomes for the social attachment of the whole community (Yen, Khoo Choon, et al.). Concerning consumption in the house it was observed that family units with female migrants use a considerable less expenditure on training than families without female migrants. It shows that the sex of the migrant has an effect on the instances of use when accepting payments. Also, it is fascinating to not only observe sex arrangement and differences in the way incomes get used, but also an alternate example among female-headed families. It is contingent on whether incomes got at global perspective. Case in point is that it was discovered that in Ghana, female-headed families getting income within get used a bigger measure of cash on training and wellbeing, though female-headed family units accepting global income used less cash on nourishment and more cash on durable products, for instance, housing and health. Finally, it was noted that when family units get income from a woman, there is less of the financial support assigned to instruction, while when family units get income from a man, more plan is devoted to training. It is clarified by the way men use less cash on training than ladies, likewise if the kids stay with the mother, less will be given to instruction and consumptions (Cortes). As far as entering the work market in the United States, ladies-migrants' get to depend on the training level and the amount of years used in the United States. The number of children and the marital status is likewise key determinants (for instance single ladies or ladies married to American men are well on the way to get work). These discoveries are affirmed by the nation of origin of the migrant ladies, as female migrants from Middle East and South Asia, and North-Africa have a lower labor market and low cooperation rate than female migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, East Asia, and the Caribbean. It is a criterion that likewise effect on compensation levels for women (Yen, Khoo Choon, et al.).

Looking for alaska plot analysis Essay Example

Looking for alaska plot analysis Essay Sixteen year old Miles twin passions are reading biographies and collecting the last words of the famous. Deciding to search for, in the last words of the great Francois Rabelais, the great perhaps, Miles leaves his family in Florida and moves to Alabama to complete his final two years of school at Culver Creek Preparatory School. Miles is befriended by his gifted roommate, Chip, who prefers the name The Colonel, and included in the Colonels group of friends, among them Alaska, vibrant, charismatic and dynamic, but also deeply depressed. Alaska is not only brilliant at devising pranks, but drinks and has sexual intercourse. When Miles falls for (and lusts after) Alaska, she becomes critical to his story. Slowly the reader builds a picture of the main characters as each reveals their story. When Alaska dies in a car crash, her favorite last line from Simon Bolivar, How will I ever get out of this labyrinth? takes on a poignant meaning. The story changes as Miles and the Colonel come to terms with the loss of a friend who was central to their lives. Only by discovering the real ause of Alaskas death can they overcome their guilt at surviving her. John Greens masterpiece revolves around a night that plays a central role and an important part in this whole young adult fiction. This can be seen as the book starts at 136 days before a particular moment in the book, and as the countdown goes on, building up the suspense throughout till the last page of the book. The whole plot of the book can be divided into the following categories as it takes its turns and twists. We will write a custom essay sample on Looking for alaska plot analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Looking for alaska plot analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Looking for alaska plot analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Exposition The novel begins introducing Miles Halter as an introverted kid who is beginning his irst year at Culver Creek High School as a Junior. His roommate, Chip The Colonel gives Miles the nickname of Pudge introduces him to the school. The Colonel takes Pudge to meet his longtime friend, Alaska, whom Pudge develops feelings for. Rising Action Alaska sets up a pre-prank on the Weekday Warriors; they hacked a computer and sent progress reports home to Weekday Warriors parents, telling them they were failing. That night, Alaska shares with her friends that she watched her mother die when she was a child because she was too afraid to do anything. Pudge and Alaska ake out, even though she has a boyfriend, and later states that shes too tired and ends it for the moment saying To be continued? Alaska then starts crying, and says that she has to leave, but Pudge and the colonel are too confused and drunk to function sanely, and hence cause a distraction so Alaska could sneak out of the campus grounds. Climax Alaskas death was the climax of the story. The boys were taken in shock because neither of them was expecting it. Alaska seemed fine the last time they saw her, so they were completely in awe at the news they received. Things werent the same without Alaska; there was a soft feeling of depression and loss that blanketed the entire school. Pudge and The Colonel started questioning everyone around them, while trying to get to the bottom of the situation, decode her death and find who was her death because both of them were hurt and wounded, clueless of what to do to solve the situation. Falling Action Pudge and the Colonel go through depression; they feel guilty for Alaskas death, for letting her go. They devote their time trying to decipher Alaskas impetus to kill erself, then they find out that the day before that night was the day Alaskas mom had died, and shed forgotten, shed been going to put flowers on her mothers grave. Resolution Pudge and the Colonel decide to pull one last prank worthy of Alaska. On Speaker Day, a day when the class gets to pick a speaker for the whole school to listen to, they hire a male stripper who strips in front of the school. Throughout the story, there were two quotes that has been the central theme. l go to seek a Great Perhaps. Last words of Francois Rabelais and How will I ever get out of his labyrinth? , Last words of Simon Bolivar. The possibility of finding the great perhaps was the reason Pudge moved from his home in Florida to Alabama where through his adventurous Journey he came across his next mystery through Alaska, the words of Simon Bolivar, The Labyrinth of life. Simon Bolivars last words played an important role till the end of th e story where finally Pudge finds the light in the darkness; the moment of enlightment that he was seeking all along! In the end, Pudge finds the meaning of the Great Perhaps. The labyrinth of life has no end.

Nasim Pedrad, From Iran to SNL to Scream Queens

Nasim Pedrad, From Iran to SNL to 'Scream Queens' Nasim Pedrad, an Iranian-American comedic actress, portrays Gigi in the Comedy Horror television series produced by Fox. Pedrad left Saturday Night Live in 2014 after five years on the iconic comedy show. Her impressions of Arianna Huffington, Kim Kardashian, Barbara Walters, Kelly Ripa and Gloria Allred were highlights of the show. In 2015, she made two guest appearances on New Girl. Born in Iran, Nov. 18, 1981, she lived in Tehran with her parents, Arasteh Amani and Parviz Pedrad, until 1984 when they immigrated to the United States. She grew up in Irvine, Calif. Her parents, who live in southern California, met while both were students in Berkeley. Her father works in the medical field and her mother works in the fashion industry. Pedrad says SNL was a big part of growing up as an American. â€Å"I would watch those shows in an effort to understand American culture and assimilate, because I wasn’t necessarily getting as much of that from my parents as my American friends were,† she told Grantland, the entertainment/ESPN blog, in an interview. â€Å"I have early memories of watching the show, and knowing that it was going to help me stay in the know, even in the years when I was too young to fully understand what the sketches were about.† After one SNL show where she played the Iranian first lady, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejads wife, in a mock interview, she told the Iran News, â€Å"I love and am very proud of my Iranian heritage. Its shaped who I am as a performer, and if I ever poke fun at it, its coming from a place of love. She will join Mulaney, a new Fox sitcom created by ex-SNL writer John Mulaney, which premiers in October. She will play Mulaney’s wisecracking roommate. SNL producer Lorne Michaels will be the producer of the new show. Fox has ordered 16 episodes. Pedrad and her younger sister, Nina Pedrad, a writer for 30 Rock and New Girl, are both fluent in Farsi. â€Å"My parents did their best to speak to us in Farsi as often as they could when we were at home so we could grow up to be bilingual,† she told Grantland. She says she hopes to visit Iran some day. â€Å"My dads side of the family is still in Iran - there are so many cousins I have yet to meet.† She wrote a one-woman show called â€Å"Me, Myself and Iran,† and portrays five very different Iranian characters. SNL cast member Tina Fey saw the show and recommended Pedrad for SNL. Early Career Pedrad graduated from University High School, where former SNL cast member Will Ferrell also attended, and graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Theatre in 2003. She performed with The Groundlings, an improvisational comedy troupe based in L.A.. She frequently performed â€Å"Me, Myself and Iran† at the ImprovOlympic and the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater in Los Angeles, and in the HBO Comedy Festival in Las Vegas in 2007. She guest-starred on Gilmore Girls from 2007 to 2009, ER, and It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia. She also did voices in Despicable Me 2 and The Lorax. She joined SNL in 2009. The show’s cast members have included other actors born outside North America such as Tony Rosato (Italy), Pamela Stephenson (New Zealand), Morwenna Banks (England), and Horatio Sanz (Chile). Iranian Immigration Pedrads family joined a large number of Iranians who immigrated to the U.S. after the Iranian Revolution of 1979. According to U.S. Census data and independent surveys done by Iranian-Americans in 2009, there were an estimated 1 million Iranian-Americans living in the U.S. with the largest concentration - about 520,000 - living around Los Angeles, particularly Beverly Hills and Irvine. In Beverly Hills, about 26% of the total population is Iranian Jewish, making it the city’s largest religious community. There are so many people of Iranian-Persian descent living around Los Angeles that the city is often referred to as Tehrangeles by those in the community. Iranian is a nationality; Persian is considered an ethnicity.

5 Field Trip Ideas for Elementary School

5 Field Trip Ideas for Elementary School Field trips are a wonderful way for children to connect what they are learning in class to the outside world. For instance, if you are teaching your students about dinosaurs, the best way to wrap up the unit is to bring the class on a field trip to your local dinosaur exhibit at the museum. This way they can get a hands-on view of everything they learned and help them connect what they learned to what they are seeing at the exhibit. Here are 5 fun and exciting educational field trip ideas for your elementary school class. Post Office A field trip to your local Post Office is a great way for students to compare the history of the postal service with the technology they use today. Students will leave the Post Office with a better understanding of how the mail connects everyone in the world. Pick Your Own Farms A unique field trip idea is to take students on a trip to pick their own fruits and vegetables. Children will be exposed to agricultural topics and experience nature and how food grows. A hands-on trip to your local farm is the perfect way to end your nutrition unit. Bank What child isnt fascinated with money? If you want to see your students participate in class and really be engaged, then take them on a field trip to your local bank. Children are always asking, Why do I have to learn math? and When I am really going to use these math skills? Well, a trip to the bank will show your students how the math skills they are learning in school can be applied to everyday life when they grow up. Bank tellers can show students how to write a personal check and withdrawal slips, and how to open a bank account and use a debit card. The information they learn on this trip will help them realize how important paying attention in math really is. A fun idea beforehand is to teach students about PayPal and how with technology today you can send money online. Grocery Store With the child obesity rate as high as it is today, the local grocery store is a great place for a field trip. There are a variety of topics that can be focused on at the grocery store, like nutrition, math, health and wellness, and home economics. Children can learn about healthy food choices and go on a food scavenger hunt. They can study measurements and, on the day of the trip,  buy appropriate ingredients for a specific recipe you give them. They can learn how to budget their money, group foods into food groups, and learn important life skills. Amusement Park How is a field trip to an amusement park educational? Students can determine the speed of roller-coasters or see behind the scenes of how a stage show works. Students can learn about the animals in the on-site zoo, or see how the actors transform into characters. A field trip to an amusement park can take some of the concepts students are learning in school into a real-world experience. Additional Field Trip Ideas Worth Considering Here are a few more field trip ideas that are worth thinking about it. Any of the following ideas would make for a perfect field trip with your students: Water parkBakerySkating RinkLocal HospitalMoviesCollegeTV StationNewspaperAquariumZooBotanical GardensTrain RideSoup KitchenLocal FestivalNursing HomeLocal MonumentFarmers MarketMuseumA Virtual Field Trip

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Business Ethics - Essay Example In this case, there are no ifs and buts. However, a close look reveals the fact that applying Kant’s principles into the modern business world is a tough task due to many reasons. The first such issue that requires attention is the fact that Kant proposes that the same maxim can be applied to two moral dilemmas. However, it seems that at times, there are issues of conflicting duties. For example, the United States in the 1990s witnessed the shutting down and massive layoffs of many enterprises. A closer look reveals the fact it becomes impossible to assess this situation using Kant’s ideology. To illustrate, the Kant’s philosophy would argue that the employees, in such cases, are being used as mere means to enhance the shareholder wealth, and hence, it is immoral from the part of the company to shut down. If someone agrees that it is immoral from the part of the company to shut down, and that the company should run irrespective of the consequences of that action, the issue gets more complicated. For example, the company is showing injustice towards its shareholders. In other words, when the company resorts to showing morality towards the employees by avoiding layoffs, it fails to show the same morality towards its shareholders. Thus, it becomes evident that Kant’s theory of categorical imperative is not absolute in nature. Yet another example is the forced retirement of employees in a company so that the company can pass through a financial crisis by reducing expenses. It is very evident that according to the widely accepted notion in the business field, it is justifiable to crucify a few innocent if it does good to the majority. However, the Kant ideology is in stark contradiction with this ideology. In both the cases, it seems difficult to find a solution that can do justice to all the stakeholders. However, a solution to this kind of issues comes from the notion of open book management. This method was developed and implemented by Jack Stack at the Springfield Manufacturing Company. According to Schuster, Carpenter and Kane (227), under the open book management system, the company informs its employees about the financial situation of the company on a regular basis. Thus, when the employees possess sufficient knowledge about the performance and financial situation of the company, they too have an equal responsibility in the running of the company. It is very evident that in open book management, employees get a chance to take wise decisions about their performance and career. So, if the company faces a situation like layoff, the level of suspicion and confusion will be far less, and sometimes, the committed employees may propose to work for a limited wage to face the crisis. Anyhow, it is highly unlikely from the part of employees to allege that they are deceived by the company. Thus, it becomes evident that a proper understanding of the Kant ideology and its application in the workplace will make more meani ngful workplace by enhancing self-respect and freedom. In addition, it means the removal of a layer of supervisors as the company no longer requires supervisors to monitor its employees. To sum up, when the employees are allowed autonomy, when they are provided reasonable salary and conducive workplace, and when the company does not interfere with their moral development, one can say that Kant’s theory of categorical imperative is accepted in spirit. II Principles of affirmative action are the principles which are intended

Henry VIII, Queen Elizabeth I and the reformation in England Essay

Henry VIII, Queen Elizabeth I and the reformation in England - Essay Example natural deaths, two with beheadings of his wives for various violations of the law, including treason and adultery and two others were ended after being terminated by the king. The king’s children Elizabeth I, Edward VI and Mary I later on took turns in ruling over England. The king was handed over the throne at just 17 years. Immediately six weeks after taking the reins of power, he married Catherine of Aragon. King Henry and Catherine were able to have three daughters and three sons within the next fifteen years while in power. Unfortunately, all but one died during infancy. Mary was the only child that survived. During Mary’s childhood, Henry the VIII was actively participating in jousting, hunting and music writing and composing. King Henry additionally wrote a book commenting on Martin Luther’s proposed reforms on the church. The book received much recognition, even from Pope Leo X, branding him a â€Å"Defender of Faith† (Shrank, 2006). However, his lack of a male child, particularly because he procreated a healthy unlawful son in 1519 worried him very much. In the 16th Century, England was a land of much dissimilarity. It was not as urbanized as either Netherlands or Spain; it nonetheless controlled a flourishing transnational trade headquarters in London. In addition, Cambridge and Oxford were two Centers of learning of exceptional repute. The two institutions later on played a fundamental function in the initial campaigns against Martin Luther King. King Henry VIII kept the brightest theologians by his side, providing him with substantial arguments that allowed him to counter the growing Lutheran sacrilege. The process of Reformation in England was tightly associated with King Henry’s personal matters. His swelling fear to be released from his matrimonial duties and responsibilities to Catherine of Aragon obligated him to consider deep-seated changes that heavily contradicted the grain of his inbred religious obscurantism. In light of this, the

Economic Theory Essay Example for Free

Economic Theory Essay Two of the primary tasks in the world of Economics are prediction and evaluation. This assignment illustrates, at a rudimentary level, how models, techniques and methods constructed or borrowed from Economic Theory or other Sciences respectively are used to help accomplish these tasks. To do so, we consider a standard theoretical model of consumer choices in an economy in which the only activity is the exchange of goods. Due to the above-mentioned we can say that the most powerful technique used to predict the consequences of policies or future trends is modeling. A model is an abstraction intended to convey the essence of some particular aspect of the real world. Most economic models assume the existence of adequate information, yet information is a costly and scarce resource. Good models predict well enough to increase our understanding of certain situations, even though they may not predict them perfectly and there may be related situations in which the same models do not predict as well as expected. Last but not least there are models that constructed without using any numerical data; these are based entirely on economic theory. We shall begin by looking at some of the ways in which forecasting techniques can help us to predict future trends. Most business and economic decisions rest upon forecasts of future conditions. Methods of forecasting may be roughly categorized as follows: * Opinion polling * Mechanical extrapolations * Barometric techniques * Statistical and econometric methods Finally, forecasting techniques vary widely in their accuracy and sophistication. The most accurate technique is to be preferred, subject to the availability of data, expertise and finance and to the nature of the  forecast required. OPINION POLLING The assumption here is that by asking people who are likely to be directly involved, such as consumers or the sales force, attitudes and opinions which affect economic decisions can be assessed and predicted in advance. Opinion polling is a subjective method of forecasting made up largely of a weighted or unweighted averaging of expectations and attitudes. This general idea of developing informed and deliberated polling opinion has had a relatively length history successful experimentation beginning roughly during the 1970s in the U.S.A. In statistics polling is about probability sampling. A good poll: locates people who fairly represent the population were interested in; asks them fair, comprehensible and useful questions; calculates results fairly, without reaching beyond the data; and  is reported so people can understand where it does and does not apply. The importance of opinion polling and the way it can be done is shown in the below Figure: Opinion polling is a very powerful technique used to predict future trends. Based upon probability sampling it can give people many answers upon many problems in the society. Depending on the size of the sample, the results are relatively accurate, scientific representation of the entire publics considered opinion on perplexing issues. Today there are a lot of companies which provide a wide variety of consultancy services and offer top quality research based solutions to their clients problems. They also provide full service market research process, from defining research objectives through analysis and presentation of data. To achieve their goals they use research methodologies, advanced statistical analysis and strategic relevant and decision reports. Their credibility and reputation is reflected in the fact that their publicly released findings are regularly quoted by the media (press, radio and television). Additionally, these companies are leading agencies in Socio-Political public opinion polls and Political Candidate Evaluation research. Another aspect of opinion polling is exit-poll. For example scientists use exit-poll method to predict who is going to win in elections. The exit-poll method is not 100% accurate, but the error between the real results and the ones from exit-poll is very-very small. Asking a small sample of population inside a society it can predict whether the conservative of socialist party is going to be elected. Finally, opinion polling is also used by companies to know which product of theirs is more consumed by people. Asking a small sample of people using questionnaires (more often) they can realize which product of theirs is more consumed by people, which product are less consumed and tries to find means of improvement for others. MECHANICAL EXTRAPOLATIONS This is probably the most frequently adopted method of forecasting. It involves the basic assumption that past patterns of economic behavior continues to the extent that past behavior can be used to predict the future. It has the attraction of also being relatively cheap in that the company is likely to posses most of the relevant historical information. Last but not least, the mechanical methods of forecasting rely on future conditions being an extent of past ones. Also, this method might consist of taking a time series of historical sales figures, and fitting a trend line to it by eye as shown in the figure below: This can then be used to read off sales predictions for the required future dates. To produce this line between the dependent and independent variables of data, as shown in the above figure, the ordinary least-squares (OLS) technique uses a mathematical formula to illustrate this line. However, the technique also produces a measure of the explanatory power of the relationship on the basis of the relationships observed in the original data. A mathematical formula for producing this line is: Where a and b in this equation have been estimated using regression analysis (a set of statistical techniques used to quantify the relationship between two or more variables). BAROMETRIC TECHNIQUES In addition with mechanical extrapolations, barometric techniques assume that present happenings can give an indication of future events. Also, this technique is based on the observation that there are lagged relationships between many economic time series. Moreover, to give an indication of future events, there are three types of indicators as far as economic activity. Leading indicators are those which tend to herald future changes in the course of business activity. Coincident indicators move in step with the cycle; examples of these might include aggregate levels of sales, employment and industrial production. Finally, there are lagging indicators, which trail behind the level of economic activity. Although it is possible to isolate various leading indicators the direction of movements in each does not presage movements in economic activity with complete accuracy. The reason is that the lead-time between their behavior and the ensuing change in economic activity is not likely to be constant. Nowadays, many companies who want to see which of their product is more consumed by people, they make a statistical figure in order to calculate this. Using barometric techniques they can find which product of theirs is more consumed by people, which is not going too well and try to give improvements for others. So, they can indicate from present happenings, how a product can be in the future. STATISTICAL AND ECONOMETRIC METHODS Science is given as truth ascertained by observation, experiment, and induction. The purpose of science known as statistics is to provide the means for measuring the amount of subjectivity that goes into the scientists conclusions and thus to separate science from opinion. Hence, statistical and econometric methods, similar to those used in time series regression can be used to analyze the economic relationships between variables. Many of the firms forecasting problems can be solved with a single equation econometric model. Laws of probability are applied to this model in order to determine what chances are for the various possible outcomes of the experiment. The first step in the construction of such a model is to specify the hypotheses, which purport to explain the relationships between the variables. Hypothesis testing is the process of inferring from a sample (a collection of some elements of a population) whether or not to accept a certain statement about the population. The statement itself is called the hypothesis. When the model is constructed it gives the businessman the opportunity of experimenting to test the predicted results of various strategies. There is a vast variety of companies offering a full-service market  research which means the capability to successfully undertake any research project from the conceptual stage through the design, data collection, tabulation, analysis, interpretation of findings, recommendations, and presentation. The projects they undertake span a broad array of industries, types of studies, experimental designs and analytical statistical techniques. They are skilled in the wide variety of quantitative and qualitative techniques, providing their clients with a seamless connection between all phases of the research program. Their full range of custom research for Consumer and Business to Business research includes the following: * Tracking studies * Product testing * Taste testing * Home-use tests * Advertising research * Strategic research * Product Positioning research * Concept tests * Customer satisfaction tests * Etc.

The Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System Essay -- Education, Asse

Introduction The Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System (CAS) developed in 1997 by Naglieri and Das conceptualizing on the works of A. R. Luria PASS model theory, represents an analytic measurement of cognitive abilities based on neuropsychological construct. The PASS theory, acronym for planning, attention, simultaneous, and successive, focuses on the neuropsychological foundation in which cognitive processing and human intelligences based on the functional brain and mental activities of input, processing, and output (Das, 1999). Endorsement of the PASS theory endures understanding of human intelligence as it relates to cognitive abilities. Psychometrical Component The CAS is a standardized test geared to capturing the essence of cognitive abilities by placing emphasis on brain functioning and the cognitive processes. The psychometrical properties for the CAS include standardization based on the sampling 2,200 children ranging in ages five through 17. Standardization was based on random sampling using the United States 1990 Census in which the norms of the diverse population is branched by race, gender, region, educational background, environmental setting, and parent educational attainment (Reynolds & Fletcher-Janzen, 2003) In addition, normalization of instruments are reported in four-month intervals (Naglieri & Das, 2010). The instrument is available in two versions, the standard battery that requires 60 minutes to complete and basic battery, which is a shorter version of the standard battery and only requires 40 minutes to complete. For the validity of psychometric measurement, the PASS scales and Full Scale (FS) are used. The psychometrical measurement for the CAS involves taking raw scores from each subtests and c... ...the development of instructional training are questionable. The ethical concerns of using the CAS for instructional and remedial purposes is the reliability of score interpretation and the effectiveness of categorization of cognitive deficiencies. For example, the simultaneous process emphasis on grouping related stimuli by using the cognitive task of integration of information. Naglieri and Goldstein (2009) argued the simultaneous process engages in the visual-spatial perspective by relying on visual memory that might display cognitive weakness in reading comprehension or verbal concepts. The complication of interpreting and profiling an individual with weaknesses in reading comprehension or cognitive deficiencies in word grouping based on the CAS subscale simultaneous involves disregarding phonological skills as a means of declined reading skills (Aaron, 2002).

Dove Evolution of brand Essay

In 2007, Unilever’s Dove was the world ‘s number-one â€Å"cleansing â€Å" brand in the health and beauty sector. Dove Competed in all categories like cleansing bars, body washes, hand washes, face care, hair care, deodorants, anti-perspirants, and body lotion.Their competitor are P&G (Procter and Gamble’s) ivory, KAO’s Jergens, Beiersdorf’s Nivea. The first Dove Product â€Å"Beauty Bar† was launched in 1957 with campaignâ€Å" Dove Soap doesn’t dry your skin because it’s one-quarter cleansing cream†. Dove positioning their product to functionality superiority product. It’s can no longer be accepted because functionality meant different things in different categories Dove was tapped to become master brand in 2000, Dove entries in all personal categories and Dove become masterbrand. To build masterbrand needed to do something different. Dove do a process of exploratory market research, consultation with experts, conversation with women, and message testing led to â€Å" The Campaign for Real Beauty†. Now Dove success become masterbrand under the title of The Dove Campaign for Real Beauty. Dove success giving a single identity to the wide range health and beauty products. Dove also organizing for brand management to support this champaign. Read Also:  Ideas for an Exploratory Essay Question & Analysis 1. What is brand in the definition of Dove ? Answer : Based on Merriam-Webster, Dove is a. a small wild bird that is related to pigeons b. a gentle woman or child c. a person who does not want war and does want peace Dove is a symbol for peace, love and honesty. Dove Brand definition is a soap that give you real beauty because its more gentle than another soap so it would not dry out your skin the way soap did. So people does not worries about dry skin if used it because it was not technically soap at all. It is milder than soap-based bars. 2. What does Dove’s market positioning in the 1950s? What is its positioning in 2007? Answer : In 1950’s The first Dove product, called a beauty bar was launched in 1957. It was positioned upon its function as a superior product that doesn’t dry out the skin the way soap did. It was marketed through a mix of marketing communication tools like the Television, print media and bill boards. The advertising message was â€Å"Dove soap doesn’t dry your skin because its one-quarter cleansing cream† which was illustrated with photographs that showed cream being poured into a tablet. The advertising aspired to project honesty and authenticity, preferring to have natural looking women testifying to Dove’s benefits rather than stylized fashion models. In 2007 Dove become a Masterbrand, its name is used for all beauty bar category in Unilever, such as deodorants, hair care products, facial cleansers, body lotions, and hair styling products. The old positioning of Dove is focus on functional superiority and it can no longer be accepted because functionality meant different things in different categories. After a process of exploratory market research, consultation with experts, conversation with women, the positioning of Dove is â€Å"The campaign for Real Beauty†. The campaign begin with using ordinary people in supermodel contexts and for books of nudes featuring plain-looking models. The result was the so-called Tick-Box campaign. In this campaign, billboards were erected and viewers were asked to phone 1-888-342-DOVE to vote on whether a woman on the billboard was â€Å"outsized† or â€Å"outstanding.† The next campaign  were known internally as the Firming campaign because they promoted a cream that firmed the skin. They featured six â€Å"real† women cheerfully posing in plain white underwear. The company wanted the ads to â€Å"change the way society views beauty† and â€Å"provoke discussion and debate about real beauty.† The next step in the campaign was particularly controversial. At a Dove leadership team offsite meeting, an effort was made to engage executives in the idea behind The â€Å"Campaign for Real Beauty† by filming their own daughters discussing their self-esteem challenges. Stage four of the Real Beauty campaign involved not an advertisement, but a film. The resulting digital film was known as â€Å"Evolution†. Given its unusual length, television was not an option, and in October 2006 the film was posted to YouTube and within three months, it had been viewed three million times. 3. How did Unilever organize to do product category management and brand management in unilever before 2000? What was the corresponding structure after 2000? How was brand meaning controlled before 2000 and how is it controlled at the time of the case? Answer : Before 2000, within a product category the firm often offered multiple brands, each led by a brand manager. In effect, each brand operated as a separate business, competing with its siblings as well as the products of other firms. A staff of brand assistants executed the policies of the brand manager. Each brand manager was charged with the responsibilities of a general manager in relation to the brand, including design of strategy, delivery of profit targets, and power over many of day-to-day marketing decisions such as advertising and target promotions that were needed to achieve profitability. In 2000, Unilever began to split responsibilty for a brand between two groups, one charged with development of the brand and the other charged with building the brands in specific markets. Brand Development was centralized and global in scope. Brand Building was decentralized according to the major geographic regions in which Unilever operated. Before 2000, brand meaning controlled by Brand Manager, but at the time of case brand meaning idea is created by Brand Development but bringing to life by Brand Building. 4. Spend a little time searching blogs, using Google search, and any social media, to get a sense of what people saying about Dove today. What does this discussion contribute to the meaning of the brand? Facebook Dove Indonesia have 23.027.326 Fans Followers Dove Indonesia : 19.4K Yes, people is feel the real beauty of themselves by using Dove. Dove makes the Real Beauty. Recommendation In the Future dove must be have line extension product such as cosmetic product, to enlarge their category product, but must have same positioning with their campaign â€Å" For Real Beauty† The position must be stand for a point of view Dove can enlarge their business to retail shop (cosmetic shop) to sell all dove product and communicated their brand. To organize Brand Management, Dove under Unilever must maintain split responsibility between Brand Manager and Brand Development.

Sterilization of Water

Project Report – Determination of the Dosage of Bleaching Powder Required for Sterilization of Different Samples of Water CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL METHODS USED 3. THEORY 4. REQUIREMENTS 5. PROCEDURE 6. OBSERVATION TABLES 7. CALCULATIONS 8. RESULT 9. CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION Water is the major constituent of all living beings. Water necessary to sustain all types of life. The water used for drinking purpose by human beings should full the following conditions : 1. It should be colourless. 2. It should not possess any smell. 3.It should contain any harmful dissolved salts such as nitrates, mercury salts, lead salts. 4. It should not be contain any living organism such as algae, fungus, bacteria etc. Sterilization of Disinfection of Water In order to obtain water for drinking purpose, water is first treated with alum whereby clay and other colloidal particles go precipitated the suspended impurities are then removed by filtration and the clear water obtained is subjecte d to some suitable treatment to destroy harmful germs and bacteria. These bacteria cause many dangerous disease such as cholera, thyroid, dysentery, tuberculosis, diphtheria etc.The process of killing the harmful bacteria by some suitable treatment of water is called STERILIZATION of DISINFECTION OF WATER. The common sterilizer agents are chlorine, ozone, bleaching powder, potassium per magnate chloramines. Sterilization of water through bleaching powder gives chlorine and if it is in excess, it is harmful for health and causes diseases like chlorawis, unconsciousness etc. So here we determine the exact amount of bleaching powder used of required for the sterilization of given samples of water. General Methods of Sterilizing WaterThere are many methods of sterilizing water but the best is one which gives sample of water which is totally free from germs. Sometimes potassium per magnate is used to disinfect water but it is not for drinking as it gives red colour and the excess of it i s in harmful for health. We use dissolve in water, so it can not be used in large scale. Another method for disinfection is by simply boiling the water for about 15 minutes, but this powder. The chemical action of bleaching powder on germs and bacteria is due to the chlorine which becomes available, when it is added to water.So here in the present context, we shall focus on disinfection of water using bleaching powder. Theory Objective :  Our objective of this project is to determine the amount of bleaching powder required for the sterilization of given samples of water. So certain steps are taken in the context as follows :- 1- A known mass of the given samples of bleaching powder is dissolved in water to prepare a solution of known concentration. This solution contains dissolved chlorine, liberated by the action of bleaching powder with water. CaOCl2  + H2O ——————-> Ca(OH)2  + Cl2 – The amount of chlorine present in the above solution is determined by treating a known volume of the above solution with excess of 10% potassium iodide solution, when equivalent amount of iodine is liberated. The iodine, thus liberated is then estimated by titrating it against a standard solution of sodium thiosulphate using starch solution as indicator. Cl2  + 2KI ——————–> 2KCl + I2 I2  + 2Na2S2O3  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€> Na2S4O6  + 2NaI 3- A known volume of one of the given samples of water is treated with a known volume of bleaching powder solution.The amount of residual chlorines is determined by adding excess potassium iodine solution and then titrating against standard sodium thio-sulphate solution. 4- From the reading in 2 and 3, the amount of chloring and hence bleaching powder required for the disinfection of a given volume of the given sample of water can be calculated. Requirements for the Experimental Determination Requirements are as follows : Apparatus : 1. Burette 2. Titration Flask 3. 500 ml measuring flask 4. 100 ml Graduated Cylinder 5. 250 ml Measuring flask 6. 1lt. Measuring flask 7. Glazed Tile 8. Glass Wool. Chemicals : 1.Bleaching powder -5gm. 2. Na2SO4—->12. 4 gm. 3. KI – 25gm. 4. Different Sample of Water 5. Distilled Water 6. Soluble starch – 1gm. 7. Indicator – Starch Solution. Procedure : 1- Preparation of N/20 Na2SO4  solution : Take 12. 4 gm of sodium thio-sulphate hydrated and mix it in about 500ml of water then the mixture is diluted to make the volume 1000ml. or 1lt. Normality = strength/Molecular Mass. = 12. 4 / 248 = 1/20N 2- Preparation of 10%KI solution: Take 25gm. of KI powder and mix it in about 100ml of water then dilute the mixture to make the volume 250 ml and take it in the measuring flask. – Preparation of Bleaching Powder solution : Weight 5gm of bleaching powder and mix it in about 200 ml of distilled water in a conical flask. Stopper the f lask and shake it vigorously. The suspension thus obtained is filtered through glass wool in measuring flask of 500ml. and dilute the filtrate with water to make the volume 500 ml. The solution of obtained is 1% bleaching powder of solution. 4- Preparation of starch solution : Take about 1gm of soluble starch and 10 ml of distilled water in a test table mix vigorously to obtain a paste. Pour the paste in about 100ml. of hot water contained in a beaker with constant stirring.Boil the contents for 4-5min. and then allow to cool. 5- Take 100ml. of distilled of water and then 20ml of bleaching powder of solution in a stopper conical flask and add it 20ml of 10% KI solution. Shake the mixture, titrate this solution against N/20 Na2S2O3 Solution taken in burette. When solution in the conical flask becomes light yellow in colour add about 2ml of starch solution as indicator. The solution now becomes blue in colour. The end point is disappearance of blur colour, so continue titrating till t he blue colour just disappears. Repeat the titration to get a set of three readings. – Take 100ml of water sample in a conical flask and add 20ml of KI solution and stopper the flask. Shake it and titrates against N/20 Na2S2O3  until the solution become yellow. Then add 2ml of starch solution and then again titrate till the blue colour disappears. Repeat titration for three readings. 7- Repeat the step 6 with other samples of water and records the observation. Observation Table Titration : I * Volume of distilled water taken 100ml * Volume of bleaching powder sol. taken 20ml * Volume of KI solution added 20ml Burette Reading Sr. No. | Initial| Final| Final Vol. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3  sol. used| 1. | 1. ml| 0. 9ml| 7. 7ml| 2. | 0. 9ml| 16. 6ml| 7. 7ml| 3. | 16. 6ml| 24. 0ml| 7. 7ml| Titration : II * Volume of water sample I taken 100ml * Volume of bleaching powder sol. added 20ml * Volume of KI solution added 20ml Burette Reading Sr. No. | Initial| Final| Final Vol. of 0. 2N Na 2S2O3  sol. used| 1. | 10. 1 ml. | 16. 2 ml. | 6. 1 ml. | 2. | 16. 2 ml. | 22. 3 ml. | 6. 1 ml. | 3. | 22. 3 ml. | 28. 4 ml. | 6. 1 ml. | Titration : III * Volume of water sample I taken 100ml * Volume of bleaching powder sol. added 20ml * Volume of KI solution added 20ml Burette Reading Sr. No. | Initial| Final| Final Vol. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3  sol. sed| 1. | 8. 9 ml. | 14. 1 ml. | 5. 2 ml. | 2. | 14. 1 ml. | 19. 3 ml. | 5. 2 ml. | 3. | 19. 3 ml. | 14. 5 ml. | 5. 2 ml. | Titration : IV * Volume of water sample I taken 100ml * Volume of bleaching powder sol. added 20ml * Volume of KI solution added 20ml Burette Reading Sr. No. | Initial| Final| Final Vol. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3  sol. used| 1. | 16. 1 ml. | 21. 6 ml. | 5. 5 ml. | 2. | 21. 1 ml. | 27. 1 ml. | 5. 5 ml. | 3. | 27. 1 ml. | 32. 6 ml. | 5. 5 ml. | Calculations : Sample I (TAP WATER) Amount of bleaching powder used to disinfect 100ml of water samples I. = (7. 7 – 6. 1) ml of 0. 2 N of Na2S2O3  solution. 1. 6ml. 1ml of bleaching powder solution contains bleaching powder =5/500 = 0. 01gm. 20ml of bleaching powder solution = 7. 7ml of 0. 2N of Na2SO4 So 1ml of Na2S2O3  solution = 20/7. 7 ml of bleaching powder solution. Volume of bleaching powder solution used to disinfect 100ml of water = 1. 6 x 20/7. 7ml. 1. 6 x 20/7. 7 ml. of bleaching powder solution =1. 6 x 20 x 0. 01 gm / 7. 7 =  0. 4156 gm Calculations : Sample II (POND WATER) :- Amount of bleaching powder used to disinfect 100ml of water. = (7. 7 – 5. 2) ml of 0. 2 N Na2S2O3  solution = 2. 5ml 1ml of bleaching powder solution contains bleaching powder = 0. 1 gm. 7. 7ml. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3  = 20ml of bleaching powder solution So 1ml of Na2S2O3  = 20ml. of bleaching powder solution. Volume of CaoCl2  solution required to disinfect 100ml of water. = 2. 5 x 20/7. 7 ml. 2. 5 x 20/7. 7 ml. of bleaching powder solution. = 2. 5 x 20 x 0. 01 gm / 7. 7 of bleaching powder Amount of bleaching powder required to disinfect 1 let. of wate r. = 2. 5 x 20 x 0. 01 x 1000 / 7. 7 x 100 = 25 x 2/7. 7 =  0. 6493 gm. Calculations : Sample III (TANK WATER) :- Amount of bleaching powder used to disinfect 100ml of water. = (7. 7 – 5. 5 ) = 2. 2ml of 0. 2 N of Na2S2O3  solutions. ml of bleaching powder solution contains bleaching powder. = 5/500 = 0. 01gm 7. 7 ml. of 0. 2 N Na2S2O3  = 20ml of bleaching powder solution. so 1ml of 0. 2 N Na2S2O3  solution = 20/7. 7 ml volume of bleaching powder solution used to disinfect 100ml of water = 2. 2 x 20/7. 7 ml. 2. 2 x 20/7. 7 ml of bleaching powder solution = 2. 2 x 20 x 0. 01 gm / 7. 7 of bleaching powder Amount of bleaching powder used to disinfect 1 ltr. of water = 2. 2 x 20 x 0. 01 x 1000 / 7. 7 x 100 = 22 x 2/77 =  0. 5714gm Results Amount of the given samples of bleaching powder required to disinfect one liter of water :- Samples I = 0. 4156Samples II = 0. 6493 Samples III = 0. 5714 Thus we get the amount required for disinfection and if bleaching powder is taken less than this amount water will remain impure and if it taken in excess than this will also be harmful as it will contain chlorine. The results shows that Samples II is the imputes water as the amount of bleaching powder requires is maximum and Sample I is less impure than others as the bleaching powder used is minimum. The tables also show the difference. Titration III has minimum reading because of impurities and titration I has maximum reading because the sample was distilled water.Conclusion : This is the convenient method of sterilizing water. It leaves no impurities and its harmful effect if bleaching powder is taken in right amount. In this way we can calculate the amount of bleaching powder required for any sample of water and then take it in large amount if the water is to be disinfected in large scale as in water works. And thus the only cause of using bleaching powder to disinfect water instead of any other method is this that it kills all germs and bacteria due to its chemical action and provides us a pure sample of water to use for all purpose.

Easter Islands End

Easter Islands End The writer discloses the actions taken by the Easter Island people a couple of centuries ago. The details indicate destruction of forests, vegetation and animals through the chaotic and cannibalism behaviours. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Easter Island’s End specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Diamond (1995), the end of Easter Island is visible from the abandoned buildings and the mystery of isolation evident from the lack of vegetation and the gigantic stone statues and skyscrapers that seems to outgrow everything else such as the temples at Angkor. The writer indicates the story of Easter Island is not only a historical tale but also an imperative warning to current civilization. As indicated in the writing by Diamond (1995), the view of the Island is a land without habitual vegetation such as trees lacks animal life and particularly comprises of a low populace of approximately 2000 people. The stone structures that appears gigantic on stone platforms shows devastation from which the writer proposes an inhibition by Polynesians. On the analysis of the natural resources, the writer shows the richness that existed before the reforestation stopped. Deforestation is the cause of death of animal life and the devastating effects eventually destroys the crops. The deforestation was as a result for the need to erect strong stone statues in competition over power among the local clans. The fight for power was probably one of the causes of the land’s demise. The writer indicates and emphasizes on the aspect of brutal misuse/abuse of nature as the root cause of the destruction. The leaders or those who were in authority never had the will and ability to prevent the destruction. The final indication of the writer is that, the historical destruction of the Island is a prospect for the future of the whole world. From a personal point of view, the author’s initial argume nt regarding destruction of nature that causes devastation is very logical and authentic. From the beginning, the writer tries to raise the subject relating to the importance of civilization. However, from a defensive point of view, some indications of the theory such as the approximation of the population and the prediction over probability to have enough basis resources seem hypothetical. It is not easy to judge the economical life of Easter Island population as well as the effects on the natural resources by considering a single aspect. The evidence may lack sufficient basis over the economical life. Economic status is the main influence over other human activities such as political eminences, people’s attitudes and social existence.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The damages on Easter Island were catastrophic but the writer only focuses on the human ne gative activities. Various factors would have catalyzed people to obliterate the forests or other ecologically related aspects to cause the destruction. Natural catastrophes can equally damage a country’s civilization. Even if people destroyed the Island as the writer claims, there is a high probability that they never realized the consequences because their low level of development, considering the time possibly influenced the activities as opposed to their conscious mind. The social-political or economical system in existence then is not accurate or definite; therefore, they might have reacted as part of nature. Does it mean that implications over existence of dry land or desert where it used to be a sea or a tropical forest always befall the people who live nearby? It is not possible to predict the future or analyze the past base on one important economical factor. There is a wide difference in the level of development; therefore, the prediction of a similar future rega rding the fall of civilization is not eminent or logical. There is a close connection of countries today and thus the characteristic or growth of civilization. Advancement in technology can allow destruction of the world in a couple of days but civilization does not permit. People need to learn from the history of such civilization as the writer specifies but the probability of the fall is almost zero. References Diamond, J. (1995) Easter Islands End. Discover Magazine. Retrieved from Http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/24/042.html

Tips on How to Avoid the Plague

Tips on How to Avoid the Plague The bubonic plague that ravaged the world in the Middle Ages is still with us in the modern world, but medical knowledge has increased enough so that we now know what causes it and how to successfully treat it. Modern-day remedies for the plague involve the liberal application of antibiotics like streptomycin, tetracycline, and sulfonamides. Plague is very often fatal, and people with the disease may need addition symptom relief, including a source of oxygen and respiratory support, as well as medications to maintain adequate blood pressure. 12 Medieval Tips that Probably Didnt Help In the middle ages, though, there were no known antibiotics, but there were plenty of home and doctor-prescribed remedies. If you had the plague and were able to get a doctor to visit you, he would likely suggest one or more of the following, none of which would do any good at all. Rub onions, vinegar, garlic, herbs, or a chopped up snake on the boilsCut up a pigeon or chicken and rub the parts over your entire bodyApply leeches to the buboesSit in a sewer or rub human excrement on the bodyTake a bath in urineWhip yourself to show God that you are penitent for your sinsDrink vinegar, arsenic, and/or mercuryEat crushed minerals such as emeraldsInfuse your house with herbs or incense to purify itPersecute the people you dont like and think might have cursed youCarry sweet-smelling spices like ambergris (if you are wealthy) or plain herbs (if you are not)Suffer through repeated purges or bloodletting One Tip That Might Have Helped: Theriac The universal recommended medication for the plague in the medieval period was called theriac or London treacle. Theriac was a medicinal compound, a medieval version of remedies first concocted by classical Greek doctors for a number of ills. Theriac was made up of a complex mixture of multiple ingredients, indeed some recipes had 80 or more ingredients, but most of them included significant amounts of opium. Compounds were made up of a wide variety of dietary supplements, infusions of scabious or dandelion juice; figs, walnuts or fruit preserved in vinegar; rue, sorrel, sour pomegranate, citrus fruit and juice; aloes, rhubarb, absinth juice, myrrh, saffron, black pepper and cumin, cinnamon, ginger, bayberry, balsam, hellebore and a  whole lot more. The ingredients were mixed with honey and wine to make a thick, syrupy cordial-like consistency, and the patient was to dilute it in vinegar and drink it every day, or at least two to three times a week before meals. Theriac comes from the English word treacle and was said to cure fevers, prevent internal swellings and blockages, alleviate heart problems, treat epilepsy and palsy, induce sleep, improve digestion, heal wounds, protect against snake and scorpion bites and rapid dogs and poisons of all sorts. Who knows? Get the right combination and the plague victim might feel better, anyway. 12 Tips that Would Have Worked   Interestingly, we now know enough about the plague to go back in time and make some suggestions to Medieval people on how to avoid getting it. Most of them are only available to people rich enough to follow the directions: stay far away from people and other animals that carry fleas. Keep some clean clothes tightly folded and bound up in cloth treated with mint or pennyroyal, preferably in a cedar chest far from all animals and vermin.At the first whisper of plague in the area, flee any populated town or village and head for an isolated villa, far from any trade routes, with your cedar chest.Vigilantly clean every last corner of your villa, killing all rats and burning their corpses.Use plenty of mint or pennyroyal to discourage fleas, and  allow no cats or dogs to come near you.Under no circumstances enter an enclosed community like a monastery or board a shipOnce away from all human contact, wash in extremely hot water, change into your clean clothes, and burn the clothes you traveled in.Keep a minimum distance of 25 feet from any other human being to avoid catching any pneumonic form spread through breathing and sneezing.Bathe in hot water as frequently as you can.Keep a fire burning in your villa to ward off the bacillus, and stay as close to it as you can stand, even in summer. Have your armies burn and raze to the ground any nearby houses where plague victims have resided.Stay where you are until six months after the most recent nearby outbreak.Move to Bohemia before 1347 and dont leave until after 1353 Sources Fabbri, Christiane Nockels. Treating Medieval Plague: The Wonderful Virtues of Theriac. Early Science and Medicine 12.3 (2007): 247-83. Print.Holland, Bart K. Treatments for Bubonic Plague: Reports from Seventeenth-Century British Epidemics. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 93.6 (2000): 322-24. Print.Keiser, George R. Two Medieval Plague Treatises and Their Afterlife in Early Modern England. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 58.3 (2003): 292-324. Print.Siraisi, Nancy G. Medieval and Early Renaissance Medicine: An Introduction to Knowledge and Practice. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1990. Print.

How do you account for the global decline in trade union membership in Essay

How do you account for the global decline in trade union membership in the past 25 years . Critically assess whether this is a trend to be welcomed or deplored - Essay Example They face problems of retaining quality members. It has been found that there is substantial erosion not only in the membership but also in the bargaining power of the unions. For developing close understanding with the recent trends in the fall of the trade union membership, it has been intended to enlighten the present scenarios of two countries- United Kingdom (UK) and Australia. It has been found that the trade union membership has been reduced over the previous two decades in the UK. According to the statistics of 1979, there were 13.3 million people under the membership of trade unions which refers to 55% of the overall employees. Decline in the trade union membership during the period of 1995 to 2006 can be exhibited through a diagram. Several reasons are there for the decline in the memberships. Firstly, the drastic reduction in the number of jobs mainly in the manufacturing industries that acquire traditionally higher amount of union membership can be blamed. Secondly, increasing level of unemployment is also held responsible for the decline. Recent trends say that traditional full time employment has been reduced whereas an increase in the part time workers has been noticed which is not beneficial to the increase in trade union membership. In small organisations, it is difficult to form trade unions and a sharp amplification in the proportion of employed workforce has been observed. Hostile legislation can be considered as another reason of decline in the UK (TUC, 2010). Across Australia, a sharp decline in the trade union memberships has been noticed. The declination is a result of significant transformation in the ‘industrial relations environment’. Data reveals that 46% of the entire employee force in the year of 1986 belonged to the trade unions. Opening up of individual and collective bargaining and gaining prominence of decentralised bargaining, has reduced the importance of the unions in the